To buy canvas fabric duck cloth online, purchasers must select specific textile weights ranging from 7 to 30 ounces per square yard and specify bolt widths between 36 and 72 inches. As of early 2026, managing procurement for wide-format textile printing and industrial manufacturing requires exact material matching. Over the past decade, I have sourced and evaluated thousands of linear yards of industrial textiles. This article covers the physical properties, grading systems, and purchasing logistics of plain-woven cotton duck fabric. Unlike apparel retail sites, this document excludes printed novelty fabrics featuring waterfowl designs.
Below is the immediate purchasing specification matrix for rapid material sourcing.
Purchasing Metric
Standard Specification Range
Primary Industry Application
Weight (Single-Fill)
7 oz to 12 oz
Apparel, Linings, Light Banners
Weight (Numbered/Double-Fill)
#12 (11.5 oz) to #1 (30 oz)
Industrial Covers, Tents, Awnings
Available Bolt Widths
36", 48", 60", 72"
Determined by project pattern dimensions
Pricing Structure
Billed per linear yard (36" length)
Wholesale and retail textile distribution
Cotton duck cloth is a heavy, plain-woven cotton textile distinguished by its tightly packed yarns. Standard canvas features a looser, more open weave. Duck fabric utilizes two plied yarns in the warp (vertical) and a single yarn in the weft (horizontal). This tight yarn count blocks wind, resists snagging, and limits water penetration.
The classification originates from the Dutch word doek. This translates to linen canvas. 17th-century sailors originally utilized this dense material for sea apparel.
Tightly woven cotton duck yields a higher tear resistance than open-weave canvas. Industry testing validates this structural advantage. A Number 8 duck canvas regularly exceeds 200 lbs of tensile strength when subjected to the ASTM D5034 (Grab Breaking Load) test. The tight weave provides a smooth surface, holding high-resolution ink retention for textile printing without bleeding.
How Are Duck Canvas Weights Categorized: Ounces vs. Numbered System?Textile manufacturers categorize duck canvas using two distinct measurement systems: the single-fill ounce weight system and the double-fill numbered system. Fabric weight depends on a square yard of material.
The single-fill system uses one yarn in both the warp and the weft. Retailers sell this by its direct weight per square yard. Lightweight 7-ounce to 10-ounce single-fill fabrics provide flexibility.
The numbered duck system applies to heavy, double-fill fabrics utilizing plied yarns. A lower number designates a heavier, thicker textile. Consequently, a Number 12 duck weighs 11.5 ounces, while a Number 1 duck weighs 30 ounces per square yard. Heavy grades undergo the ASTM D1424 (Elmendorf Tearing Strength) test to quantify resistance against sudden puncturing.
Numbered Grade
Weight (Ounces per Square Yard)
Metric Weight (Grams per Square Meter)
Number 12
11.5 oz
390 g/m²
Number 10
14.75 oz
500 g/m²
Number 8
18.0 oz
610 g/m²
Number 6
21.0 oz
710 g/m²
Number 4
24.0 oz
810 g/m²
Number 1
30.0 oz
1,000 g/m²
Selecting the correct textile weight dictates the structural integrity of the fabricated item. You risk needle breakage and motor burnout if you attempt to sew Number 4 duck on a standard domestic sewing machine.
Event organizers utilize heavy 10-ounce wide-width duck canvas as the base material for step and repeat banners. The weight prevents the banner from curling under tension. Conversely, apparel manufacturers select 7-ounce duck for chore coats, prioritizing flexibility over rigid tensile strength.
Sourcing Wholesale Duck Cloth RollsPurchasing full rolls requires understanding the selvedge edge. The selvedge edge prevents the fabric from unraveling on the bolt during transit. Wholesale suppliers ship these rolls in continuous yards. Fabricating massive items like circus tents demands 100-yard continuous rolls to minimize weak structural seams.
Purchasing Bulk Canvas Fabric by the YardCalculating accurate yardage requires matching pattern dimensions against fixed bolt widths. Unbleached, greige goods (raw loom-state fabric) contract upon initial laundering. Buyers must use an exact mathematical formula to calculate shrinkage for 100% cotton prior to fabrication.
Identify the finished length: Determine the exact measurement of the final manufactured product.
Apply the warp shrinkage formula: Multiply the required finished length by 1.15. This accommodates a 15% maximum warp shrinkage typical of untreated 100% cotton.
Verify continuous cuts: Specify "continuous yardage" on the purchase order to prevent the supplier from shipping fragmented scrap pieces.
What Are the Common Finishes and Treatments for Duck Cloth?Raw, loom-state cotton duck represents the base material. Manufacturers apply chemical treatments to alter its performance in specific environments. You will degrade the material rapidly if you deploy untreated cotton in high-moisture outdoor settings without a protective barrier.
Natural/Unbleached: Retains the raw, off-white color of the cotton boll. Manufacturers use this strictly for custom dyeing or priming.
Primed: Features an acrylic gesso coating. This barrier prevents oil paint from rotting the natural cotton fibers over time.
Waxed: Integrates a paraffin or beeswax blend. This creates a highly water-resistant and windproof barrier for outdoor gear.
Sunforger: Employs a specific chemical bath. This resists UV degradation, water penetration, and mildew growth on boat covers and yurts.
Fire Retardant (FR): Meets National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 701 standards. The fabric self-extinguishes upon flame removal, mandated for commercial event drapery.
Direct Purchasing Specifications for Online Fabric SourcingPurchasers seeking to acquire duck cloth online must align material specifications directly with application requirements. Sourcing platforms structure their inventory around the single-fill ounce weight (7oz to 12oz) and the double-fill numbered system (#12 to #1). Selection relies entirely on matching the physical thickness and width (ranging from 36" to 72") to the required tensile strength of the end product. Treated finishes alter the chemical behavior of the base cotton. Buyers must specify treatments like Sunforger for marine environments or NFPA 701 certification for commercial indoor installations.
Key Takeaways for Textile Sourcing:
Weight determines application: Lightweight (7oz) suits apparel, medium-weight (10oz) fits bags, and heavy-weight (#8) constructs industrial covers.
Measurement defines cost: Inventory prices reflect the linear yard, keeping the bolt width fixed.
Raw cotton shrinks: Unbleached, greige goods contract by up to 15% upon initial laundering, requiring buyers to multiply required yardage by 1.15.
Coatings change properties: Waxed, primed, and fire-retardant treatments modify the fabric's breathability and flexibility for specialized environments.
Order exact yardage for your project directly through wholesale textile suppliers. Access extensive inventories of Canvas Duck Cloth Fabric by the Yard to view specific technical specifications, or read more about material matching in our technical Canvas Fabric Buyer's Guides.
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